Environment & Health: perspectives and challenges

Elaborating the Challenges of Health Insurance Extent of Coverage and Proposing Solutions from Experts Perspectives

Abstract   Background: The health insurance extent of coverage was decided by the Health Insurance Organization in order to manage costs. In this plan, to determine the extent of payment by each medical center, the performance of the year 2017 was considered the base point. Furthermore, it should not cost more than the performance of the year 2017 or 10 % less. This issue had caused challenges...

Challenges and Perspectives toward Development of more Effective Influenza Vaccine

Influenza viruses continue to be a major health threat in human and bird populations. The improvements in formulation and production level of the current influenza vaccines are not sufficient to afford complete protection. The continuous antigenic drifts and emergence of endemic and zoonotic strains make influenza vaccine planning difficult. Concern about the emergence of new influenza pandemic...

On Defining African Philosophy: History, Challenges, and Perspectives

Down Syndrome: Current Status, Challenges and Future Perspectives

Down syndrome (DS) is a birth defect with huge medical and social costs, caused by trisomy of whole or part of chromosome 21. It is the most prevalent genetic disease worldwide and the common genetic cause of intellectual disabilities appearing in about 1 in 400-1500 newborns. Although the syndrome had been described thousands of years before, it was named after John Langdon Down who described ...

Remote Sensing of Ecosystem Health: Opportunities, Challenges, and Future Perspectives

Maintaining a healthy ecosystem is essential for maximizing sustainable ecological services of the best quality to human beings. Ecological and conservation research has provided a strong scientific background on identifying ecological health indicators and correspondingly making effective conservation plans. At the same time, ecologists have asserted a strong need for spatially explicit and te...